Polyurethane Profiles for Windows: An Optimal Choice

The current trend in architecture is to achieve more sustainable and energy-efficient buildings. The aim is to reduce polluting emissions while increasing the economic viability of the dwellings. 

Improving the thermal insulation of a building will lead to energy savings and a reduction in CO2 emissions caused by heating and air conditioning.

In addition to the thermal insulation itself, other elements such as gaps, orientation and finishes have an impact on the energy efficiency of a building. For example, installing high energy efficiency windows with polyurethane profiles that prevent heat from escaping can considerably reduce leaks and currents caused by windows and glass (estimated at 40% of the total energy losses of a dwelling).

Advantages of the use of polyurethane systems in the profile

Traditionally, metal, PVC or wood profiles are used for windows and other hollows in the façades. However, polyurethane also provides a solution for window profiles.

One of the biggest enemies in the thermal insulation of a house are thermal bridges. In order to prevent them, polyurethane can provide its excellent thermal properties to the carpentry of the envelope.

Polyurethane systems for the manufacture of window profiles have a double function. On the one hand, they act as thermal insulation in conflicting areas such as the gaps in the façade. And on the other hand, they have a sealing effect, providing tightness to the building.

It is estimated that the use of polyurethane systems in the manufacture of window profiles, along with other thermal insulation measures, can contribute to saving the equivalent of the annual energy needed to manufacture up to 135 million vehicles.

Contribution to the reduction of energy losses

European regulations are more and more demanding levels in terms of energy demand. One of the measures that can contribute to the reduction of energy losses through the envelope is the profiles improvement by using polyurethane systems in its manufacture.

Source: blog.synthesia.com

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Boom of Mouldings in Decoration

Mouldings are a decorative solution that gives personality to the room and provides a completely renewed decoration. There is a great variety of materials for the manufacture of mouldings: metal, wood, etc. As an example, polyurethane mouldings are versatile, allowing to obtain an imitation of wood and providing an elegant, classic and vintage style.

In architecture, mouldings are used to make finishes or adornments on walls and ceilings. This decorative trend is also reflected in the rise of wooden beams.



But their use does not only fulfill a decorative function, but it also allows to hide elements such as cables, small cracks or imperfectionswhich, although they do not generally imply a risk, they usually break the aesthetics of the room.

How to obtain faux wood mouldings?

One of the options to achieve this aesthetic result is the use of beams and mouldings made with polyurethane systems of moderate moulded density that imitate wood.

Faux wood mouldings made from polyurethane systems bring a great deal of lightness to the moulding itself, thanks to the fact that polyurethane is a low density material. This factor also allows you to work easily with them, obtaining a wide variety of final touches.

Regarding installation, they are easy to join as only an adhesive or simple mechanical element are needed to fix them correctly.

It is especially recommended to work with these materials in rustic roofs that have a high weight base (such as wood slabs), since mouldings made with polyurethane systems are very light and do not suppose an additional weight for the structure. In addition, as they imitate wood, they also play an aesthetic role and they are simple to work with for operators (or individual users), since they require a minimum effort compared to a piece of solid or treated wood.

source: blog.synthesia.com

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Scientists Make Breakthrough That Enables Rockets to Orbit Longer

Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough in cryogenic rocket engine technology that can extend the orbital period of rockets from a few hours to 30 days, providing support for China's future deep space exploration.

Cryogenic rocket engines are specially designed to work at extremely low temperatures. They use non-toxic and non-polluting propellants, such as liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, which are more cost-efficient than others.

The engine has been widely used in domestic and foreign launch vehicles, including China's Long March-5 and Long March-7 carrier rockets.

However, most of these rockets can orbit only a few minutes or a few hours. An extended orbital period has puzzled the aerospace community for a long time.

Scientists from the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology have developed two insulating materials that can reduce propellant evaporation loss and keep rockets in flight for longer than before.

According to Zhang Shaohua, a member of the research team, a cryogenic rocket will face a severe thermal environment when it flies in orbit, which will cause lots of propellant evaporation, accelerate propellant loss and reduce the time in orbit.

"If a car keeps leaking oil, its range will inevitably be shortened," said Zhang.

In addition, when a rocket is flying, its engine will expel the exhaust gases to keep pressure balance in the propellant storage tank. However, under the microgravity environment in space, gas and liquid cryogenic propellant will be mixed, therefore, a large amount of liquid propellant will also be discharged during engine exhaust.

One of the newly-developed materials is made of polyurethane foam, a chemical composition, which can increase the insulation capacity by more than 50 percent compared with traditional foam materials. The other one using variable density multilayer insulation also shows improved thermal performance, about 18 percent higher than traditional materials.

The test results showed that with the two advanced materials, the daily evaporation of cryogenic propellant can be cut down from 2.5 percent to 0.5 percent, said Zhang.

The material technology breakthrough realizes long-term storage of cryogenic propellant in orbit, proving its readiness for China's future deep space exploration and long-distance space transportation, Zhang said.

Source: english.cas.cn

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QIBEBT Synthesizes Novel Polyurethane Hydrogel

Polyurethanes that could form hydrogel when contacted with water are of great interests for their plausible applications. It could be used as high-performance industrial materials and materials for medical treatment.

Figure 1. Polyurethane synthesized by Prof. Wan’s group (A); It forms emulsion when mixed with water (B); quickly forms hydrogel (C); which is self-supportive (D). (Image by Biomimetic and Biobased Polymer Group, QIBEBT) 

Especially, polyurethane hydrogels with strong mechanical strength and high water-absorption ratio may find their applications in soil-water conservation and desertification combating. Although the application studies of such material were reported, its domestic manufacturing has not been realized yet.

CAS key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials at Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT) have successfully solved this problem. By carefully tuning the structure of polyols and the density of the cross-linkable functional groups, professor WAN Xiaobo and his colleagues in Biomimetic and Biobased Polymer Group found a way to unify the high water-absorption ratio (up to 40:1 volumn ratio) and high compressive strength (up to 1.5 MPa) in one material, as shown in Figure 1. 

Prof. WAN’s group is currently working on to further improve the water-absorption ability, mechanical strength, and storage period of this polyurethane hydrogel. This material may find its niche in industrial applications since it is derived from inexpensive commercially available materials.  

This project is financially supported by “One Hundred Talent Program” of CAS and funding from industry. 

Source: english.cas.cn

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New Fungus Found able to Degrade Polyurethane (PU): Chinese Scientists

The Biodegradation Process by Fungi

Chinese scientists revealed on Friday that they have successfully extracted a new fungus from plastic waste, which is capable of degrading polyurethane (PU), a chemical commonly used in the manufacture of plastic-related materials. 

PU, also known as the fifth largest plastic, is an important and versatile class of man-made polymer present in a wide variety of products, such as foam seating, wheels and tires, high performance adhesives, surface coatings and synthetic fibers such as Spandex. 

H‍‍owever, the xenobiotic nature and lack of degradability of polymeric materials has resulted in vast levels of environmental pollution and numerous health hazards. 

Environmentalists have long denounced plastic as a long-lasting pollutant that does not fully break down. Plastic pollution can unfavorably affect land, waterways, and oceans. 

Now, the global annual production of PU is estimated at about eight million tons, and the output keeps growing year by year. The accumulation of non-degradable PU waste in the environment also causes severe pollution to the soil and water. 

With the excessive use of plastics and increasing pressure being placed on locations available for plastic waste disposal, there is an urgent need to develop biotechnological processes for PU biodegradation. 

The fungus isolated from soil was named Aspergillus tubingensis by a research group led by Xu Jianchu, from the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). 

Aspergillus tubingensis is first reported capable of degrading PU in this study. The research result was published in the journal, Environmental Pollution. 

The researchers believe that biodegradation of PU by fungi is an important way to control pollution. 

Ester and urethane groups in PU were attacked through the activity of PU-degrading fungi enzymes, which may be the main mechanism of action for fungus biodegradation. The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 

Source: english.cas.cn

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Amazon Fungi Found That Eat Polyurethane, Even Without Oxygen

Until now polyurethane has been considered non-biodegradable, but a group of students from Yale University in the US has found fungi that will not only eat and digest it, they will do so even in the absence of oxygen.

Each year Yale University operates a Rainforest Expedition and Laboratory course, which includes an expedition to a tropical jungle in the spring recess and summer research on samples collected. Last year the group cultured microorganisms found on plants they collected in the Amazon, one of the most biologically diverse regions on Earth. Among the samples they discovered a fungus, Pestalotiopsis microspora, that will digest the plastic material, polyurethane.

Polyurethane is a synthetic polymer developed in the 1940s, that is often used to replaces rubber, paint, wood, or metals. Polyurethane is found in a wide variety of modern appliances, furnishings, paints, vehicle parts, foam insulation materials, glues, and shoes, among many other applications, and has the advantages of strength, durability and elasticity. Some of the polyurethane used can be recycled into other products, but it all ends as waste eventually. The environmental problem is that once it enters the landfill it could remain there almost indefinitely because nothing we know is able to metabolize and digest it (in other words, it is not biodegradable), and the chemical bondswithin it are so strong they do not degrade readily. Polyurethane can be burnt, but this releases harmful carbon monoxide into the atmosphere, along with other toxic chemicals.

Last year's group, led by Professor Scott Strobel, a molecular biochemist, discovered P. microspora and found that it will not only eat polyurethane, but can survive on a diet consisting solely of polyurethane. Furthermore, it can survive in anaerobic environments, such as those existing in the oxygen-starved regions deep inside landfills.

The fungus was discovered in the jungles of Ecuador by Pria Anand, and another undergraduate student, Jonathan Russell, identified a serine hydrolase, the enzyme thought to enable the fungus to digest the polyurethane. Both students are studying in the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale in Connecticut.

The newly-discovered fungus is an endophytic microorganism, which means it lives on or inside the tissues of host plants without causing them harm. Several other microorganisms were found that would degrade both solid and liquid polyurethane, but only P. microspora isolates could survive entirely on the plastic under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

The paper describing the discovery was published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology. The authors suggest endophytic fungi such as P. microspora could be used to deal naturally with waste products such as polyurethane—a process known as bioremediation.

Source: PhysOrg.com

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ULTRACAST® 70-16

ULTRACAST® 70-16 is the polyol component of a two-component cold processing, hot curing, low shrinkage polyurethane mould making material. The product, when combined with the isocyanate ULTRATHANE 500-16, sets to a 70 - 75 D Shore hardness. The compound is easily machinable. The product can be filled by adding ALU-FILL 150-160 or GLASS-FILL 150-161.

BENEFITS:
- Low viscosity of components
- Easy to use (1:1 by weight)
- Adjustable filler addition
- Short demould time
- Good temperature resistance after heat curing

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